By Scout Nelson
Drought-stressed corn does not always mean a complete loss for livestock producers. Even when dry weather reduces grain production, the crop can still provide valuable forage if it is harvested, stored, and managed correctly. Proper feeding practices help producers make the best use of available feed while protecting animal health.
Kim Ricardo, SDSU Extension Forage Field Specialist, highlighted that drought conditions change both the quality and safety of corn forage. Dry weather may increase nitrate levels, raise the risk of aflatoxin contamination, and create differences in nutrient content. These factors make forage testing an important step before feeding livestock.
One of the biggest concerns is nitrate accumulation, especially in the lower part of the corn stalk. The risk often increases when drought is followed by rainfall or when fields contain high nitrogen levels. Producers can reduce this risk by raising the cutter bar, leaving part of the stalk in the field, testing silage after fermentation, avoiding high-nitrate forage without proper management, and limiting non-protein nitrogen supplements when nitrate concerns exist.
Another important issue is aflatoxin. Hot and dry weather during pollination can encourage fungal infection that produces this harmful toxin. Poorly developed or insect-damaged ears are especially vulnerable. Since ensiling does not greatly reduce aflatoxin, laboratory testing is recommended before feeding affected crops, particularly for dairy cattle.
Feed quality also depends on grain development. Corn with better kernel growth usually provides higher energy, while poor pollination lowers starch and energy content. Fiber digestibility may also vary depending on plant maturity. Research shows drought-stressed corn silage can still retain much of its normal energy value, although feed quality differs from field to field.
Visual inspection alone cannot determine feed quality. Laboratory analysis provides accurate information about nutrients, nitrate levels, and possible toxins, helping producers develop safe feeding plans and determine forage value.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-awakr10
Categories: South Dakota, Crops, Corn, Hay & Forage, Livestock, Weather