SDSU leads fight against turkey virus

By Scout Nelson

South Dakota State University (SDSU) researchers are taking the lead in combating a new strain of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) that has severely impacted the poultry industry. This virus, primarily affecting turkeys, has disrupted poultry production nationwide, causing egg shortages, bird losses, and financial challenges for producers.

SDSU assistant professor Sunil Mor and his team identified the U.S.'s first case of aMPV subgroup B in January 2024. Previously, only subgroup C had been seen in the country. The virus rapidly spread to all major poultry-producing regions, leaving significant damage in its wake.

The virus is particularly dangerous because it spreads silently. Symptoms such as coughing or swelling often appear only after entire flocks are infected. The weakened immune systems of birds make them more vulnerable to secondary infections, further compounding the challenges faced by producers.

"Producers are facing the issue from different sides," Mor explained. "This is why the virus is so threatening. The economic impact is huge."

To combat the issue, SDSU researchers, led by Mor and assistant professor Tamer Sharafeldin, are developing a vaccine to protect against subgroup B. They successfully isolated the virus within four weeks and have since progressed in weakening it for vaccine development. The team is optimistic about completing vaccine trials by fall 2025.

In addition to vaccine development, the team is creating advanced diagnostic testing to help producers detect the virus more quickly. "There's a very small window to detect the virus," Mor said, emphasizing the importance of precise testing.

While the vaccine’s development typically takes years, expedited efforts aim to accelerate its availability. "Our main concern right now is developing the vaccine," Sharafeldin noted.

With their pioneering efforts, the SDSU team has established themselves as national leaders in aMPV research, working closely with industry stakeholders to safeguard poultry production.

Photo Credit:south-dakota-state-university