By Jamie Martin
Summer heat is raising concerns about toxic algae in agricultural water supplies. Cyanobacteria, often known as blue green algae, can release harmful toxins that pose dangers to livestock, wildlife, and people. Experts highlight that hot and dry conditions create ideal environments for these blooms.
Cyanobacteria growth is strongly linked to nutrient buildup in water. Nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers and manure can wash into ponds and reservoirs when applied incorrectly. Once in the water, these nutrients encourage rapid growth of algae and other microorganisms.
“The hot, dry conditions projected for July are ideal for the growth of cyanobacteria,” said Miranda Meehan, NDSU Extension livestock environmental stewardship specialist.
These blooms are often seen in still or slow-moving water bodies such as ponds and dugouts. They form thick layers on the surface that may appear green, red, or yellow in color. As they decay, they can change their appearance and spread along the shoreline.
The toxins produced can affect animals very quickly. Symptoms of poisoning include weakness, staggering, difficulty breathing, and seizures. In severe cases, animals may die within a short time after exposure. Liver damage is also common, leading to signs such as diarrhea and unusual behavior.
Because symptoms may not always be noticed early, sudden livestock deaths can occur. Farmers are encouraged to inspect water sources regularly and watch for unusual signs like dead animals near ponds.
“A veterinarian can determine which samples would be appropriate for each situation,” said Dr. Jake Galbreath, NDSU Extension veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist.
Testing water is an important safety step. Samples should be collected carefully from both the surface and below, then stored properly and sent to certified laboratories for analysis.
Prevention strategies can greatly reduce risk. Farmers can limit nutrient runoff by following proper fertilizer application practices and using buffer strips. Restricting direct access to ponds and supplying clean drinking water can also protect livestock.
“Unless steps are taken to reduce the nutrient load and minimize the potential for nutrients to enter the water body, the risk for cyanobacterial blooms will continue,” said Laxmi Prasad, NDSU Extension water engineer.
In addition, using deeper water sources and improving soil conservation practices help reduce long term nutrient buildups. By taking these actions, producers can manage risks and maintain safe water for their operations.
Photo Credit: pexels-adam-sondel
Categories: National