By Scout Nelson
South Dakota has a long history of recording weather conditions, beginning in 1888 when the first station in Brookings started reporting daily temperature and rainfall. Over time, the importance of reliable weather data has grown as weather patterns continue to change.
The Mesonet at South Dakota State University (SDState) now leads this effort, offering high-definition, localized data. Each station records conditions every five minutes and transmits information directly to the National Weather Service. This rapid and widespread reporting helps confirm severe weather activity such as tornadoes, wind gusts, and heavy storms.
The statewide mesonet began in 1983, but the modern version took shape after the destructive floods of 2011. Recognizing the need for better forecasting, Senators Mike Rounds and John Thune supported federal funding. With the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2020, the ambitious goal was set to place a station within 20 miles of every South Dakotan.
As of summer 2025, 100 stations are active, with the full network of 150 expected by 2027. Each station provides more than temperature and rainfall. Cameras capture 360-degree sky views, confirming tornado touchdowns, fog density, and snow transitions. Soil probes measure moisture and temperature up to 40 inches deep, helping forecast floods, droughts, and crop health.
Meteorologists like Jay Trobec of KELOLAND rely daily on mesonet data to warn the public. This real-time detail ensures alerts are timely, accurate, and localized. Farmers, insurers, and emergency managers also benefit from precise information.
By working with neighboring states in the Upper Missouri River Basin, South Dakota contributes to the nation’s largest mesonet network. With its advanced soil and weather data, the system is a vital tool in protecting lives, agriculture, and communities.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-tlillico
Categories: South Dakota, Sustainable Agriculture, Weather