Winter Tips to Save Your Pastures

By Scout Nelson

Winter is an ideal time to assess the health of your pastures. While most plants are dormant, trees like cedars stand out starkly. These woody plants are not naturally part of the grassland ecosystem, which typically thrives on herbaceous plants such as grasses and broadleaf species. However, the reduction in wildfires, due to human intervention, has allowed these trees to spread uncontrollably, especially with the help of birds dispersing seeds. Though originally found in specific areas like canyons or riverbanks, they have invaded grasslands, competing with native plants and reducing pasture productivity.

The presence of cedar trees and other woody plants can significantly decrease forage production for livestock. These trees compete for valuable water and nutrients, depriving the desirable grasses of resources. Over time, this leads to a sharp decline in forage, which directly impacts stocking rates and overall pasture health.

In 2022, South Dakota saw a loss of over 209,000 tons of forage due to the spread of woody plants, a reduction that has had financial implications for farmers. This loss, valued at around $21 million, highlights the economic toll of tree encroachment. For livestock producers, this loss of forage means more dependence on hay and supplementary feed, as well as reduced grazing days, which could have supported nearly 354,000 pairs of livestock for an additional month.

To prevent this issue, it's crucial to act early when noticing young trees. Removing them while they are small is the most cost-effective solution. Trees can often be pulled by hand or with simple tools, especially when the soil is moist. Additionally, prescribed burning can help manage the spread of these trees, as it mimics natural wildfire cycles, encouraging native plant growth and preventing further tree establishment.

Proactive management is key to combating woody encroachment. Collaborating with neighbors and local groups can provide resources and support to manage the spread of these invasive trees, ultimately protecting your pasture and improving forage production.

Photo Credit: south-dakota-university-extension