By Jamie Martin
New research from the University of Florida reveals that improved plant nutrition helps crops resist pests and diseases. As spring planting approaches, farmers can increase yield and reduce crop losses by focusing on soil and plant nutrition.
Arnold Schumann, Ph.D., from UF’s Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences department, explains that balanced nutrients support plant immunity..
Healthy plants develop stronger roots, stems, and leaves, making it harder for fungi, bacteria, and viruses to infect them. Poor nutrition weakens the plant’s natural defences, often attracting pests and causing secondary infections.
Nutrients act as more than just “plant food.” They influence resistance through two main methods: forming thicker cell walls to block disease entry and producing natural protective compounds like flavonoids and antioxidants. These compounds improve taste and signal nutrient-rich quality to animals and humans alike.
Using oranges as an example, researchers showed how nutrient balance affects quality. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium make up most of the nutrients. Secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur support sweetness, sugar formation, and protein production. Even small amounts of micronutrients such as copper and manganese activate essential biological functions.
Potassium (K) stood out as the most consistent nutrient for pest and disease resistance. Over 500 research studies found that good K levels reduced fungal and bacterial disease by 70% and insect and mite damage by 60%. K strengthens cell walls and prevents leaks that attract fungal spores.
Too much or too little nitrogen (N) can cause problems by either tying up helpful micronutrients or weakening protein production. Other nutrients like calcium, boron, copper, and zinc play key roles in resisting different disease types, from fungal to viral infections.
This research confirms that proper plant nutrition is essential for healthy crops. Balanced fertilizer use not only boosts yield but also builds natural resistance to pests and diseases—supporting stronger farms and safer food systems.
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Categories: National