By Scout Nelson
Mycotoxins are dangerous substances produced by certain molds that can harm both animals and humans. These toxins often develop in crops exposed to environmental stress like drought or hail.
Understanding their impact and prevention methods is essential for maintaining farm safety.
Molds themselves are not directly harmful but can continue growing in stored grains, producing mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin, DON (Vomitoxin), and Zearalenone (ZEN).
These toxins reduce grain quality, affect livestock health, and lower market prices. Corn is particularly at risk, with fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum being common culprits.
Aflatoxins develop in hot, dry weather and are especially dangerous for dairy animals. They can affect feed efficiency, reproduction, and immunity, and are known as carcinogens.
The FDA limits aflatoxin in milk to 0.5 parts per billion (ppb) and in corn for general use to 20 ppb. Grains exceeding these levels are unsuitable for feed or sale.
To manage contaminated grains, elevators often use dust control systems, heating, and blending with clean grain to lower toxin levels. Proper storage—keeping grain dry (below 15% moisture) and cool (around 55°F)—is crucial to prevent further mold growth.
Preservatives or acids cannot remove toxins already present in feed. However, additives such as bentonite and yeast cell extracts can bind toxins, reducing their absorption in animals. Farmers should always test moldy grains before feeding, especially to breeding or lactating livestock.
For testing and guidance, producers can contact the SDSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic, which provides comprehensive mycotoxin testing and management advice to ensure grain safety and animal health.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-imaginegolf
Categories: South Dakota, Crops, Livestock, Rural Lifestyle, Farm Safety