USDA rolls out H5N1 testing in Dairy

By Scout Nelson

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is set to expand its surveillance to include monitoring for the H5N1 influenza A virus in dairy cows. Starting next month, this initiative will integrate with the existing National Residue Program which already examines muscle samples from dairy cow carcasses.

The primary tool for detection will be the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing conducted by FSIS laboratory personnel.

The move to include H5N1 testing is a proactive measure aimed at maintaining public health and ensuring that the virus does not compromise the food supply. Notably, this testing will not necessitate additional holding times for carcasses, as they will be processed concurrently with ongoing residue tests. Establishments will hold the carcasses until the test results are confirmed, aligning with current practices.

This strategic decision follows the initial detection of the H5N1 virus in U.S. dairy cattle in March 2024. Since then, the USDA has been vigilant in assessing the spread and impact of the virus across the nation’s dairy herds.

The agency’s commitment extends beyond monitoring; in the event of a positive H5N1 result, the USDA plans to collaborate closely with industry stakeholders to prevent affected carcasses from entering the consumer market.

The surveillance program underscores the significant threat that H5N1 poses not only to the dairy and poultry sectors but also to public health, trade, and the economy at large. Through these rigorous testing protocols, the FSIS aims to fortify the defenses of the U.S. food supply chain against potential outbreaks, ensuring both animal and human health are safeguarded.

This initiative represents a critical step in the ongoing battle against zoonotic diseases and reflects the USDA’s dedication to upholding stringent food safety standards.

Photo Credits: usda